تويت
Automation
Introduction
Automation is a technology asscoiated with the application of mechanical, electrical, and computer based system to operate and control production.
ماذا يعني المصطلح Automation ؟
لقد بحثت في القواميس عن معنى لكلمة Automation فوجدت أنها أحيانا بمعنى "الميكنة" و أحيانا بمعنى "الأتمتة" وأحيان أخرى " إدارة المعدات بالطرق الالكترونية" و أحيانا " التشغيل الأوتوماتيكي" أنا شخصيا يعجبني أن ندعها على حالها ونسميها Automation
فما هو الــ Automation :
هو براعة فنية اذا استخدمت تقلل تكلفة المنتج وترفع مستوى الجودة
Introduction
Automation is a technology asscoiated with the application of mechanical, electrical, and computer based system to operate and control production.
ماذا يعني المصطلح Automation ؟
لقد بحثت في القواميس عن معنى لكلمة Automation فوجدت أنها أحيانا بمعنى "الميكنة" و أحيانا بمعنى "الأتمتة" وأحيان أخرى " إدارة المعدات بالطرق الالكترونية" و أحيانا " التشغيل الأوتوماتيكي" أنا شخصيا يعجبني أن ندعها على حالها ونسميها Automation
فما هو الــ Automation :
هو براعة فنية اذا استخدمت تقلل تكلفة المنتج وترفع مستوى الجودة
الــ Automation يزيد من سرعة العمليات – يحسن ويرفع من مستوى الأداء –يحسن الجودة – يقلل من تدخل العنصر البشري فيقلل من نسب الخطأ- و يراقب المعدات و يحميها و يحافظ عليها.
Why Automation?
Types of Industries
In order that flow methods can work well, several requirements must be met:
Types of Automation
Types of automation
Three types of automation in production can be distinguished:
(1)Fixed automation, (2) programmable automation, and (3) flexible automation.
Fixed Automation refers to production systems in which the sequence of production systems in which in the sequence of processing or assembly operations is fixed by the equipment configuration and cannot be readily changed without altering the equipment. Fixed automation is economically justifiable for products with demand rates.
Fixed automation is just that - fixed. It is best if used for specific jobs. The components are customized to the dimensions and needs of individual parts and projects.
1 Lower Cost
2 Simplified Maintenance
3 High production rates
Programmable automation refers to the equipment is designed in such a way that the sequence of production operations is controlled by a program such as (PLC, Microcontroller). The operation sequence can be readily changed to permit different product configurations to be produced on the same equipment.
Characterize programmable automation
1 Lower production rates than fixed automation.
2 High investment in general purpose programmable equipment.
3 Flexibility to deal with changes in product configuration.
4 Suited to lower and/or medium production of similar products or parts.
Flexible automated flexible automated system is one that is capable of producing a variety of products with minimal lost time for changeovers from one product to the next. The time to reprogram the system and alter the physical setup is minimal and result virtually no lost production time. The system capable of producing various combinations and schedules of products in a continuous flow, rather than batch production with interruptions between batches.
Characterize programmable automation
1 Continuous production of mixture of products.
2 High investment for a custom-engineered system.
3 Ability to change product mix to accommodate changes in demand rates for the different products made.
4 Medium production rates.
5 Flexibility to deal with product design variations.
Why Automation?
Reasons of Automation
increase labor productivity
reduce cost
increase safety
decrease manufacturing lead time
increase product quality
decrease the errors
decrease manufacturing lead time
increase product quality
decrease the errors
industry
Types of Industries
Primary Industrials
Agriculture- mining - fishing
Secondary Industrials
Aerospace - Automotive- paper
Service Industrials
Education- health- Goverment
Terms Automation
مصطلحات المستخدمة
والتى سوف نتعرض اليها
مصطلحات المستخدمة
والتى سوف نتعرض اليها
MTBF:mean time between failure(MTBF) is predicted elapsed time between inherent failure of a system during operation
MTTR: mean time to repaire (MTTR)is the time requried to a divce to recover/repaire from any failure
DOF:Digree of freedome (D.O.F) is the number of indpendent movements for a body
WIP:work-In- Process (WIP) is the amount
of product currently located in the factory
of product currently located in the factory
Avability:defined as the measure of reliability
Utilization:is the amount of output of production facility relative to it is capicity
MLT: manufacturing lead time (MLT)is the total time riquired to process given product through the plant
Pc: Plant Capcity (Pc)is the maximume rate of output that a plant is able to produce under a given set of assumed operating condition
CAD: Computer aided design (CAD)is the use of computer technology for the design of objects, real or virtual. CAD often involves more than just shapes. As in the manual drafting of technical and engineering drawings, the output of CAD often must convey also symbolic information such as materials, processes, dimensions, and tolerances, according to
application-specific conventions
application-specific conventions
CAM:Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of computer-based software tools that assist engineers and machinists in manufacturing or prototyping product
components and tooling
Jigs and fixtures are devices used to facilitate production work,
Jigs
Hold and position a workpiece.
Hold and accurately position a workpiece.
The difference between Jigs & Fixtures.
It is sometimes difficult to differentiate between a jig and a fixture, since their basic functions can overlap in the more complicated designs. The best means of differentiating between the two devices is to apply the basic definitions, as follows:
· The jig is a guiding device.
· The fixture is a holding device.
Clamp Jig
This device derives its name from the fact that it usually resembles some form of clamp. It is adapted for use on workpieces on which the axes of all the holes that are to be drilled are parallel.
Box Jig
Fixtures
components and tooling
Jigs and Fixtures
Introduction
Jigs and fixtures are devices used to facilitate production work,
Jigs and fixtures are used to locate and hold the work that is to be machined. These devices are provided with attachments for guiding, setting, and supporting the tools in such a manner that all the workpieces produced in a given jig or fixture will be exactly alike in every way.
هى بمختصر العبارة هى عبارة عن مثبتات ودلآئل تستخم فى تثبيت المشغولآت ودليل ةللعدة القاطعة مثل دليل لعملية الثقب
Jigs
Hold and position a workpiece.
Fixtures
Hold and accurately position a workpiece.
The difference between Jigs & Fixtures.
It is sometimes difficult to differentiate between a jig and a fixture, since their basic functions can overlap in the more complicated designs. The best means of differentiating between the two devices is to apply the basic definitions, as follows:
· The jig is a guiding device.
· The fixture is a holding device.
Jigs
ويوجد من نوعن
Clamp & Box
Clamp Jig
This device derives its name from the fact that it usually resembles some form of clamp. It is adapted for use on workpieces on which the axes of all the holes that are to be drilled are parallel.
Box Jig
Box jigs (closed jigs) usually resemble a boxlike structure. They can be used where holes are to be drilled in the work at various angles.
Fixtures
As mentioned previously, a fixture is primarily a holding device. A fixture anchors the workpiece firmly in place for the machining operation, but it does not form a guide for the tool.
A typical example of a fixture is the device designed to hold two or more locomotive cylinders in position for planning.
Types of Production
Shop Job
involveson producing one-half product for a specific customer.
Products are running through various manufacturing processes according to customer’s specifications. Not all products go through the same path (area in the factory) of manufacturing.
involveson producing one-half product for a specific customer.
Products are running through various manufacturing processes according to customer’s specifications. Not all products go through the same path (area in the factory) of manufacturing.
Batch Production
is the manufacturing technique of creating a component at a work station befor moving to the next step in production.
There are several advantages of batch production; it can reduce initial capital outlay because a single production line can be used to produce several products.
There are inefficiencies associated with batch production as equipment must be stopped, re-configured, and its output tested before the next batch can be produced.
is the manufacturing technique of creating a component at a work station befor moving to the next step in production.
There are several advantages of batch production; it can reduce initial capital outlay because a single production line can be used to produce several products.
There are inefficiencies associated with batch production as equipment must be stopped, re-configured, and its output tested before the next batch can be produced.
Mass Production
Other names for mass production, flow, series, serial,
repetitive flow production
Other names for mass production, flow, series, serial,
repetitive flow production
Is the production of large amounts of standarized products, including and especially on assembly lines.
method of production organisation where the task is worked on continuously or where the processing of material is continuous and progressive
method of production organisation where the task is worked on continuously or where the processing of material is continuous and progressive
In order that flow methods can work well, several requirements must be met:
- There must be substantially constant demand
The product and/or production tasks must be standardised - Materials used in production must be to specification and delivered on time
- Each operation in the production flow must be carefully defined - and recorded in detail
- The output from each stage of the flow must conform to quality standards